In addition to the five process groups of project management there are nine knowledge areas which intersect with these process groups. Table 1 defines the nine knowledge areas of project management and how they interact with the five process groups that comprise the project management lifecycle. The intersection of a process group and a knowledge area reveals the project management processes that facilitate the associated project work.| Knowledge Areas | Process Groups | ||||
| Initiating | Planning | Executing | Monitoring and Controlling | Closing | |
| Project Integration Management | Creating the project charter |
Creating the Project Management Plan | Executing the project plan | Monitoring and controlling the project workManaging integrated change control | Closing the project or phase |
| Project Scope Management | Gathering requirementsDefining the project scopeCreating the WBS | Verifying the project scopeControlling the project scope | |||
| Project Time Management | Defining the project activitiesSequencing the project activitiesEstimating the project resources
Estimating the duration of the project activities Developing the project schedule |
Controlling the project schedule | |||
| Project Cost Management | Estimating the project costsBudgeting the project | Controlling the project costs | |||
| Project Quality Management | Planning for project quality | Performing quality assurance | Performing quality control | ||
| Project Human Resources Management | Planning for human resources | Acquiring the project teamDeveloping the project teamManage the project team | |||
| Project Communications Management | Identifying project stakeholders | Planning for project communications | Distributing project informationManaging stakeholders’ expectations | Reporting project performance | |
| Project Risk Management | Planning for project risk managementIdentifying the project risksPerforming qualitative risk analysis
Performing quantitative risk analysis Planning the risk responses |
Monitoring and controlling the project risks | |||
| Project Procurement Management | Planning the project purchases | Executing procurement management plans | Performing contract administration | Closing the contracts | |
Table 1: The five process groups and the nine knowledge areas represent the 42 project management processes.
While there are 42 project management processes don’t feel that you have to do all of these processes in every project – you don’t and often won’t. For example, not every project deals with a vendor. Smaller projects, often call MAC projects (for move-add-change) typically don’t use quantitative risk analysis, team development, or contract administration. The point is you always use the processes which are most appropriate for the project you’re managing. As a general rule, however, larger projects require more detail and will use more of the processes than smaller projects.
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